EXERCISE ( VIDEO & SOUND PRODUCTION)
01 APR 2022- 17 JUN 2022 ( WEEK 01- WEEK 12)
CHIN ZHI XIAN / 0344352
BACHELOR OF DESIGN (HONS) CREATIVE MEDIA / Video & Sound Production
EXERCISE
Week 1
Final Project:
- View stop motion shorts(Youtube/Vimeo)
- Shortlisted 3 and share it on Blog (Final Project section) with rationale (style, art direction, character design etc).
View Visual Effects shorts(Youtube/Vimeo):
- Shortlisted 3 and share it on Blog (Final Project section) with rationale (style, illusion, visual effects etc).
Editing:
- Edit Mints & Doritos videos, and post them on the Blog (Exercises section).
Film viewing:
- Watch Munich 2005 ‧ Thriller/Drama ‧ 2h 44m
- Munich will be used as a reference for story structure and sound design in week 3.
Purchasing:
- Headphone & Tripod.
Week 2
Framing & Storyboard
When the motion picture camera was invented; the shots were simple and straightforward. The filmmakers turned to dramatic presentations they called filmed plays (the camera is positioned as if it were a member of the audience seated in the theatre).
The problem is that when watching a play, the audience is looking at a 3D object (caused by distance and actors) but on screen; the filmmakers quickly realize it's flat.
So what they do is break the action down into shots and sequences (separate) to create realistic pieces. Because the filmmaker is telling the story, he/she decides which segments of reality to see and in a specific order (later called clips)
Cinematography
Motion picture/Film/Video is made up of many shots.
Each shot requires placing the camera in the best position for that particular moment in the narrative.
The shot is a continuous view shot by one camera without interruption.
The sequence is a series of scenes, or shots, complete in itself.
Scene defines the place or setting where the action is laid.
A scene may consist of series of shots or sequences depicting a continuous event.
Shot Size
The shot size determines how large the area that’s visible within the frame.
Extreme wide shot
Wide shot
Medium wide shot
Medium shot
Medium close-up shot
Close-up shot
Extreme close-up shot
Wide shot - W.S
A wide shot includes the entire subject and important objects in the immediate surroundings. If it's used at the beginning of a scene it's often called an "establishing shot”.
Medium shot - M.S A medium shot shows the subject that is important to understanding - Gesture and expression, from the person's waist up, letting hands and the lower half of his body fall outside the frame.
A medium shot shows the subject that is important to understanding - Gesture and expression, from the person's waist up, letting hands and the lower half of his body fall outside the frame.
Medium close-up shot - M.C.U
Medium close-up films subject characters from approximately midway between waist and shoulders to above the head.
Over-the-shoulder shot - O.S
The over-shoulder shot shows the subject from behind the shoulder of another person.
Extreme wide shot - E.W.S
Shows a broad view of the surroundings around the character and conveys scale, distance, and geographical location. It's used to show where the character is in his/her environment.
Medium wide shot - M.W.S
A medium-wide shot shows a character usually cut off across the legs above or below the knees. It is wide enough to show the physical setting in which the action is taking place, it permits a nice balance of figure and surroundings.
Close-up shot - C.U
A close-up is used to isolate the most important part of the subject. For a speaker, this is generally the head or small object. It emphasizes facial expressions and details of an object.
Extreme close-up shot - E.C.U
An extreme close-up singling out a portion of the face magnifies a detail. The object is to focus on important detail either to increase the drama or impact on a situation or to allow the viewer to see necessary picture information more clearly.
Shot Size
The shot size determines how large the area that’s visible within the frame.
- Extreme wide shot
- Wide shot
- Medium wide shot
- Medium shot
- Medium close-up shot
- Close-up shot
- Extreme close-up shot
Camera Angle
Composition: The rule of thirds divides the frame into thirds both horizontally and vertically. The points where the vertical and horizontal lines cross are aesthetically pleasing spots to place subjects or to have perspective lines converge
Example:
 |
Subject Angle: Composition
Facial modelling is best when the subject is turned 45º (¾ angling) to the camera. The front and side of the face, if properly lighted will appear round and the eyes are displayed fully.
3 Dimensional solidity is most pronounced when 2 or more surfaces are photographed. Angling the camera in relation to the subject so that two sides of the objects are viewed, results in the most effective rendition
Angle the camera so that parallel lines diminish and converge preferably toward the right. This is to ensure that viewer’s eyes are carried into the distance.
Camera Angle: Subject Height
Camera height is as important as camera distance and angle but is often disregarded.
Artistic, dramatic and psychological overtones may be contributed to the story-telling by adjusting the height of the camera to the subject.
Eye-level angle camera films from the eye level of an observer of average height or from the subject’s eye level.
The low angle shot is any shot in which the camera is tilted upward to view the subject. Low angle shot can make a character look bigger, stronger, or nobler. It also gives the impression of height.
A high-angle shot is any shot in which the camera is tilted downward to view the subject. A high-angle shot can make a character look smaller, younger, weak, confused, or more childlike.
Screen Direction
Dynamic Screen Direction: Constant screen travel depicts subject motion in one direction only. A series of shots of a person walking, a car driving, or a plane flying – should move in the same direction to show progression.
Static Screen Direction: When planning shots with two characters, you need to understand the camera movement in relation to the 180º rule. The rule enforces the camera to stay on a horizontal axis and not cross-sections so that it will disorient the viewer. The horizontal axis is called the “ Line of Action”
Week 3
StoryBoard
Re-cap
Story:
The set of all the events in cause-effect relationships occurring in time and space, both the ones explicitly presented and those the viewer infers constitutes the story.
Plot:
Everything is visibly and audibly present in the film, and material that is extraneous to the story world.
Story & Plot:
Story = What happened?
Plot = Why do they happen? And how?
Plot Segmentation
The best method for understanding a film’s narrative system is to create a plot segmentation, a scene-by-scene outline of the entire film.
Story Structure
3 – ACT Structure
Beginning:
Setup/introduction of a story
Middle:
Confrontation of a problem
End:
Resolution of problems
Plot Point I: "the plot thickens"
- The "inciting incident"
- Turn the story in a new direction
- Sets up what Act Two is going to be
- Raises the stakes
- The remainder of the narrative enigma; presents the possibility of a different outcome
Plot Point II: "the longest mile”
- The "Climactic Turning Point"
- The protagonist's quest reaches critical mass
- A possible solution is presented
- Biggest cliffhanger: will the protagonist win or lose?
Film sound
Sound elements
The mixing of sound elements below creates an audio setting that supports the action and engages the spectators.
- Speech
- Sound effects
- Music
Speech
Speech is one of the most important tools for understanding the story of the film.
Dialogue:
Conversation between characters in the movie.
Voice over:
The voice of an unseen narrator speaking.
Sound Effect
Ambience
Audio refers to the background noise present at a given scene or a location.
Hard or "cut" effects
Almost every sound we hear at the movies that aren't dialogue or music is a sound effect.
Train sliding door open and close, footsteps, train moving on tracks, the ambience in train etc.
Music
Music in a movie is to enhance the dramatic narrative and the emotional impact.
Dubbing
Or automated Dialog Replacement (ADR), is the process of re-recording dialogue after the filming process to improve audio quality or reflect dialogue changes
(watch 30 seconds will be enough)
Foley
A sound effects technique for synchronous effects or live effects.
The Foley technique are named for Jack Foley, a sound editor at Universal Studios
Week 4
Storyboarding =Visualization
When the scene has a complicated action involved or few perspective points of view, the storyboard is the most effective way to map out the scene.
Purpose of Storyboard
- Show IMPORTANT ACTION
- Continuity/ Editing Point
- Shot Composition
- Indicate CAMERA ANGLE/ MOVEMENT
- Map out the scene
Storyboarding process
- Do story breakdown.
- Get the shot list ready for storyboarding.
- Use the floor plan to mark out the camera position
- Camera angles for each sequence can be indicated in the floor plan. Sc/sh numbers are written beside the camera symbol.
- Start from EWS/ WS, then cut into characters/ objects.
- Cut between action and reaction.
- Cut to different framing and different angle shot.
- Use cut-away to enhance storytelling and create a mood.
- Insert cut away or C.U shot as a transition for the new scene.
- Cut to different framing and different angle shot.
Staging subject among foreground, midground and background to create contrast in size and distance, focus, brightness and colour.
Separate the space by using planes as foreground, midground and background which contain many depth cues including size change, textural diffusion, tonal and color separation, up/down position, and overlap.
Adobe Premiere Pro
Intro to Premiere Pro Part 1
Media Info
Select sequence --> Right click and select Sequence Setting.
Frame size : 1920x1080
Aspect ratio : 16:9
Pixel Aspect ratio : Square Pixel (1.0)
Fields : Progressive Scan
Display format : 25 fps
Channel Format : Stereo
Audio : 48000 Hz
Resolution : 1920x1080 pixel
Full HD resolution : 1920×1080 = 2073600 pixels
The higher the number of pixels, the better the quality.
Aspect ratio : The ratio of its width to its height
Aspect ratio : 16:9
Week 9
Color Correction
Color correction refers to the process where every individual clip of video footage is altered to match color temperature of multiple shots to a consistent technical standard of appearance.
It’s about balancing out your colors, making the whites actually appear white, and the blacks actually appear black, and that everything in between is nice and even.
RGB: An additive color model in which red, green, and blue light are added together in various ways to reproduce a broad array of colors.
RGB:
The main purpose of the RGB color model is for the sensing, representation, and display of images in electronic systems, such as televisions and computers.
Before the electronic age, the RGB color model already had a solid theory behind it, based on human perception of colors.
1st try eyedropper for colour correction.
Balance with Temperature & Tint
Refer to RGB Parade and Vectorscope during adjustment.
Use the 1st adjusted clip as a reference to work on the rest.
Colour wheel for advanced colour correction
Color Grading
Color grading is taking what you have done in color correction one step further, by altering an image for aesthetic and communicative purposes.
So once everything is looking nice and normal in your video, you are now empowered with the ability to further enhance your story by manipulating colors to create a new visual tone.
Colour Grading objectives:
Increase contrast & saturation
Apply a new tinge of colour
Apply a new adjustment layer to
Video track 2.
Apply a new adjustment layer to
Video track 2.
S curve adjustment to increase contrast
Adjust Temperature, Tint, Saturation to achieve new look (single colour):
Apply complimentary colours (two colours):
Teal & Orange:
Skin tones: Skin tones sit somewhere in the orange spectrum, so pushing teals into the shadows will help skin tones stand out from the rest of the image.
Contrast:
This grading technique/style creates color contrast. Teal and Orange have the highest contrast between their exposure values of any pair of complementary colors on the color wheel.
Orange and Teal replicate golden hour: warm orange light against a blue sky
Colour wheels: Shadow to teal, Highlight and Midtone to Orange
Week 12
Sound Design
4 important sound design techniques
- Time stretching/ compression
- Pitch Shifting
- Reversing
- Layering
Time stretching/ compression
Time Stretching/ compression changes the length of audio without altering its pitch.
Window XP start up original:
Stretch to 800%:
Pitch Shifting
Process of adjusting the pitch of an audio signal upwards or downwards, for both corrective (getting a vocal perfectly in tune, for example) and purely creative (changing the character of a drum loop, say) purposes.
(stop at 2:30)
Reversing
The end of the audio will be heard first and the beginning last. Reverse audio changes the whole feeling and rhythm of the sound.
Layering
Arranging several separate sounds together, in such a way the overall effect is of a single complete sound.
INSTRUCTIONS
Exercise
Week 1
Task Editing in class
Footage: VPS Doritos
- Create NEW Premiere Pro Project
- Import footage into Premiere Pro
- Arrange shots on the timeline in proper order
- Export Video
Editing Exercise
I get this arrangement:
- doritos001
- doritos012
- doritos008
- doritos014
- doritos015
- doritos010
- doritos006
- doritos017
- doritos002
- doritos019
- doritos003
- doritos020
- doritos018
- doritos005
- doritos016
- doritos013
- doritos007
- doritos004
- doritos011
- doritos009
- doritos021
Week 2
Shooting Exercise: Framing
This is my exercise to shoot the shot size angle, I catch my sister to complete my task
Shot sizes :
- Low angle wide shot
- Frontal MCU
- Frontal MS
- Extreme Close-up
- Side angle MS
- 3/4 angle MCU
- Close-up shot
- Eye-level medium wide shot
Editing Exercise (Independent Learning)
Footage: VSP Week 2 Exercise
Our task is to trim the unwanted parts from the original video and join them together in the correct order.
Week 3
3-act structure:
Mr Martin showed us three short films in class to determine the three-act structure.
Week 7
Trimming Exercise
In this trimming exercise, our task is to compile and edit clips. We were introduced to the capabilities of the ripple editing tool.
Week 9
In week 9, we use the same clips from the previous exercise (the trimming exercise) for color correction.
Reflection
I learned some editing skills like layout and color grading from Mr Martin's practice. These techniques have really simplified my video editing process, which I had previously used complex techniques to produce perfect results. Also, I learned about the different sized lenses that allow the audience to keep up with your story and make sure they see exactly what you want them to see. Summarizing experiences is productive and productive.
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